Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records¶
IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. (1998). Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report.
Cited by¶
6 citations across 6 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Abstract Work
- In bibliographic systems it is the four-level distinction between a work, its expressions such as particular texts or translations, its manifestations such as particular editions, and its items such as a physical copy
This sourceDefines the four-level work–expression–manifestation–item hierarchy and the relationship rules by which a translation, abridgement, or revision is a new expression of the same work while a derived work with a new primary author (e.g. a sequel) is a new work — the canonical operationalisation of the identity criterion across nested layers.
- In bibliographic systems it is the four-level distinction between a work, its expressions such as particular texts or translations, its manifestations such as particular editions, and its items such as a physical copy
- Persistent Identifier
- The library discipline of separating work, expression, manifestation, and item ported into web architecture's discussion of what an identifier denotes, the same scope-of-identity question underlying both.
This sourceEstablishes the work/expression/manifestation/item distinction — the scope-of-identity ladder for bibliographic identifiers.
- The library discipline of separating work, expression, manifestation, and item ported into web architecture's discussion of what an identifier denotes, the same scope-of-identity question underlying both.
Domain-specific¶
- Item (Copy)
- An Item, in FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and its successors IFLA-LRM and BIBFRAME, is the most concrete tier of a four-level bibliographic instantiation hierarchy: a specific, singular physical or digital copy that embodies a particular Manifestation (a specific publication, edition, or format), which in turn embodies an Expression (a distinct realization of a Work), which in turn realizes the Work (the abstract intellectual or artistic creation)
Supported in partVerified against a saved copy of the source
“The entities defined as manifestation (the physical embodiment of an expression of a work) and item (a single”
- An Item, in FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and its successors IFLA-LRM and BIBFRAME, is the most concrete tier of a four-level bibliographic instantiation hierarchy: a specific, singular physical or digital copy that embodies a particular Manifestation (a specific publication, edition, or format), which in turn embodies an Expression (a distinct realization of a Work), which in turn realizes the Work (the abstract intellectual or artistic creation)
Mechanisms¶
- Document Revision History
- Publishing itself already grades change by label (an impression reprints the same setting; a new edition signals substantive revision), but even a "new edition" can cross the line into a new work
This sourceFRBR treats a sufficiently substantial modification as a new work and makes the boundary depend on intellectual or artistic effort rather than merely an edition label.
- Publishing itself already grades change by label (an impression reprints the same setting; a new edition signals substantive revision), but even a "new edition" can cross the line into a new work
- Work / Expression / Manifestation / Item Model
- The four-level model, drawn from library science's FRBR framework, does neither.
This sourceDefines the FRBR Work-Expression-Manifestation-Item hierarchy, distinguishing related editions and copies without collapsing them into one record.
- The four-level model, drawn from library science's FRBR framework, does neither.
- Work–Expression–Manifestation Matrix
- … levels themselves: it supplies the altitudes at which every other identity question ("is this the same work? the same expression? just a different manifestation?") can be asked cleanly, instead of being muddled across levels — the Work / Expression / Manifestation distinction that library science formalized as FRBR.
This sourceFormalizes work, expression, and manifestation as distinct bibliographic entities.
- … levels themselves: it supplies the altitudes at which every other identity question ("is this the same work? the same expression? just a different manifestation?") can be asked cleanly, instead of being muddled across levels — the Work / Expression / Manifestation distinction that library science formalized as FRBR.
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 1 of 6 citations: 1 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
Support is checked per citation rather than per work — the same source can be cited soundly in one article and wrongly in another. Per-citation recording began recently, so a citation with no recorded check is a gap in the record rather than evidence it went unchecked.
See how references were verified.
Links previously used in the corpus¶
Before the registry existed this work was also linked 3 other ways.
- https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110962451 ×3
- https://repository.ifla.org/handle/20.500.14598/830 ×1
- https://repository.ifla.org/items/54925d49-b08d-4aeb-807c-1b509ec40b55 ×1
Registry ID ref:e29102da4d48 · see in the full table