Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity¶
Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5371(77), 107-112.
Cited by¶
3 citations across 3 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Processing Fluency
- Processing fluency provides a rapid heuristic: if the stimulus is easy to process, the overall evaluation is positive—an inferential shortcut Hasher, Goldstein, and Toppino (1977) first identified in their classic demonstration that repetition increases judged truth.
This sourceClassic demonstration that repeated statements feel more true—an early instance of fluency providing a rapid heuristic for evaluative judgment, reducing cognitive work while enabling systematic bias.
- Processing fluency provides a rapid heuristic: if the stimulus is easy to process, the overall evaluation is positive—an inferential shortcut Hasher, Goldstein, and Toppino (1977) first identified in their classic demonstration that repetition increases judged truth.
Mechanisms¶
- Bias and Pressure Prompt
- Its strength is catching the beliefs that feel most certain, since fluency and repetition manufacture exactly that felt certainty — the illusory truth effect, where a claim seems truer merely for having been encountered before.
This sourceShows that repeated exposure can increase the judged validity of statements.
- Its strength is catching the beliefs that feel most certain, since fluency and repetition manufacture exactly that felt certainty — the illusory truth effect, where a claim seems truer merely for having been encountered before.
- Rumor Dampening
- … post on its busiest social channel, "The rumor that our sauce contains X is FALSE," repeated daily — would be a mistake: it broadcasts the exact allergen-and-product pairing to millions who never heard it, and every repetition reinforces the association through sheer familiarity, since repeated statements feel truer
This sourceFinds that repetition increases perceived truth for both true and false statements.
- … post on its busiest social channel, "The rumor that our sauce contains X is FALSE," repeated daily — would be a mistake: it broadcasts the exact allergen-and-product pairing to millions who never heard it, and every repetition reinforces the association through sheer familiarity, since repeated statements feel truer
Verification¶
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