Deviant Case Analysis

Compression statement

A comparative-method archetype that turns anomalous, negative, discordant, or outlier cases into disciplined learning objects. It begins with an explicit expected pattern and case universe, verifies that the apparent deviation is real, anchors the focal case against matched or contrast cases, traces within-case mechanisms, tests rival explanations, and converts the result into bounded theory revision: new variable, new subtype, boundary condition, scope restriction, causal-mechanism refinement, or follow-up sampling plan.

Canonical formula: theory_gain = verified_deviation + matched_comparison + within_case_trace + rival_explanation_test - measurement_artifact - anecdotal_overgeneralization